Since 2021, the GGR-D programme has piloted several GGR methods and investigated sustainable routes for large-scale removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, to inform decisions about greenhouse gas removal (GGR) deployment in the UK and globally. This report delivers important findings on technology potential as well as policy, legal and evaluation insights and methodologies. It reveals insights into entirely new approaches involving co-deployments of GGRs.

Looking across the broad portfolio of GGR methods that could support the UK’s climate ambitions, it sets out a series of actions that would help scale up a portfolio of sustainable GGR options in the UK. For the five individual GGR methods that have been piloted – woodland creation and management, enhanced peatland restoration, enhanced rock weathering, biochar and perennial biomass crops for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) – the report summarises key findings and policy implications, and provides cross-cutting lessons on land-based GGR emerging from these demonstrator projects.