Business models
This research theme investigates the role of business models as a way of scaling the Greenhouse Gas Removal (GGR) industry quickly in ways that create economic, social and environmental value. Which business models are attractive to investors? Which business models will be robust in different policy scenarios? How can policy support innovation in business models over time as the industry evolves? And what challenges are entrepreneurs facing as they experiment with business models for different GGR solutions?
Importance
CO2RE is mapping both what the sector needs in the future (e.g. business models to scale different technologies and associated policy interventions) and what is currently happening in terms of the entrepreneurship, investment and collaboration landscape (e.g. value chain and venture maps). This work allows us to see where potential challenges are emerging, and to shape these challenges through responsive collaborations with GGR developers, businesses and investors.
Outputs
Researchers on business models have delivered the following outputs:
Viability of different GGR business models under different policy scenarios
- Unlocking Private Investment for Greenhouse Gas Removal: Public-private collaboration and a technology-specific policy approach (policy briefing)
- Governing permanence of Carbon Dioxide Removal: a typology of policy measures (report)
- Investing in Carbon Dioxide Removals: A new analytical and policy paradigm (journal article)
- Without mandated demand for greenhouse gas removal – High integrity GtCO2-scale global deployment will be jeopardized: Insight from US economic policy 2020–23 (journal article)
Mapping value chains and ventures to understand flows, entrepreneurship patterns and collaboration potential
- UK Carbon Dioxide Removals Ecosystem 2026+: Collective Insight as to the needs of the US Sector to 2035 (report)
- UK Carbon Dioxide Removals Ecosystem 2026+: Collective insight as to the needs of the UK sector to 2035 (report)
- UK Carbon Dioxide Removals Ecosystem 2026+: Collective insight as to the needs of the EU sector to 2035 (report)
- Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) in UK Net Zero: Mapping perspectives of risks, uncertainty and emerging issues (report)
- Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) in the UK: People, places and procedures – lessons from the St Ives mCDR experience (report)
- The innovation race on geological carbon removal: who is best placed to lead? (report)
Guidelines for policymakers to support business model innovation
- Policy Evaluation and Selection to Accelerate Geological Carbon Dioxide Removal Deployment (policy briefing)
- ‘Who Should Pay?’ Public Preferences for Carbon Dioxide Removal Policy in the United Kingdom (policy briefing)
- A taxonomy of policies to support geological carbon dioxide removal (report)
- UK Net Zero policy design and deep uncertainty – The need for an alternative approach (journal article)
- A Collective Intelligence assembly approach to informing responsive net zero policy design: A greenhouse gas removal UK case study (journal article)
- Decision making for net zero policy design and climate action: considerations for improving translation at the research-policy interface: a UK Carbon Dioxide Removal case study (journal article)
Technology venture maps
Technology venture maps created by Mike Hutson (Michael.Hutson.MBA22@said.oxford.edu) for CO2RE, with grateful thanks to Net Zero Insights for the data.
People
Dr Aoife Brophy
University of Oxford
Dr Mark Workman
Imperial College London
Astha Wagle
University of Oxford