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Explore the Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme

UKRI is funding CO₂RE and five interdisciplinary GGR Demonstrator projects, each researching a GGR method over the next four years.

The results will be used to shape government decision-making on the most effective technologies to help the UK tackle climate change and reach net zero. Find out about each GGR project via the interactive map and by watching the video below. You can also watch short documentaries about each project here.

Please note that locations are not exact.

CO₂RE
Biochar
Enhanced Rock Weathering
Peatlands
Perennial Biomass Crops
Woodland Creation & Management
All Sites

Find out more about the GGR-D Programme

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What is Greenhouse Gas Removal?

Our FAQ page answers questions around Greenhouse Gas Removal, including why we need it, what the different types of GGR are and how they can be pursued.

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Community

CO₂RE holds a £1 million Flexible Fund which will be used to fill in gaps and needs identified in the GGR community during the lifetime of the Programme. The fund will support work to address research and engagement gaps through three approaches.

Publications

Browse the latest publications from members of the CO₂RE team, including articles in leading journals, policy briefings and reports on a range of aspects relating to GGR.

Events

The UK GGR Event

The UK GGR Event

Event date - September 29, 2025

The CO2RE Hub and GGR-D Programme are excited to be hosting the UK GGR Event, taking place at the Royal Institution in central London ... Read more

GGR Insights: What types of CDR are ‘nature-based solutions’?

GGR Insights: What types of CDR are ‘nature-based solutions’?

Event date - July 2, 2025

This is the third in our series of online webinars, GGR Insights, presenting the latest research and debating what is needed to enable ... Read more

GGR Insights: A taxonomy of policies to support carbon dioxide removal

GGR Insights: A taxonomy of policies to support carbon dioxide removal

Event date - June 18, 2025

This is the second in our series of online webinars, GGR Insights, presenting the latest research and debating what is needed to ... Read more

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Together, CO₂RE and the Demonstrators form the UKRI Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme. CO₂RE is responsible for co-ordinating the GGR-D Programme and undertaking solutions-led research on GGR. A key role of CO₂RE is to provide insights into the cross-cutting challenges that will be faced by the Demonstrators projects and co-developing evidence of scale and wider acceptability of GGR approaches.

Find out more

University of Edinburgh
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh are leading CO₂RE’s policy, business and governance work stream and investigating governance, legal and ethical factors of GGR.

People
Navraj Singh Ghaleigh
Prof Stuart Haszeldine
Dr Justin Macinante

University of Manchester
CO₂RE researchers based at the University of Manchester are investigating public perceptions around which GGR methods to develop, and how they should be incentivised and governed.

People
Dr Rob Bellamy
Dr Laurie Walker

University of Leeds
CO₂RE researchers at the University of Leeds are investigating what types of business models are emerging and whether they can scale up GGR effectively.

People
Dr Clare Richardson-Barlow

Imperial College London
Imperial College London leads CO₂RE’s engagement and flexible fund functions and research on systems modelling of GGR.

People
Alyssa Gilbert
Prof Niall Mac Dowell
Dr Paul Rouse
Prof Richard Templer
Dr Philippa Westbury
Dr Mark Workman

University of Oxford
Experts across Oxford are delivering multi-disciplinary GGR research across the areas of business models; ecological and social sustainability; economic policies and incentives; governance, legal and ethical factors; public perceptions; and synthesis and decision support. The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford leads the CO₂RE programme and is home to CO₂RE’s principal investigator, executive director and research support team.

People
Prof Myles Allen
Dr Elizabeth Baldwin
Prof Sanja Bogojevic
Dr Aoife Brophy
Dr Emily Cox
Prof Sam Fankhauser
Prof Cameron Hepburn
George Hope
Umme Imani
Dr John Lynch
Mikal Mast
Prof Michael Obersteiner
Prof Nathalie Seddon
Dr Steve Smith
Luka Strubelj

University of Bristol
CO₂RE researchers at the University of Bristol are undertaking research on accurate and transparent systems of monitoring, reporting and verification for GGR.

People
Dr Jo House
Dr Sue Rodway-Dyer

UCL
CO₂RE researchers based at UCL co-ordinate the development of the Evaluation Framework which allows GGR options to be assessed and compared on a common basis, and are gathering evidence for policy options, and synthesis and decision support.

People
Dr Isabela Butnar
Prof Paul Ekins

The biochar project will address the uncertainties concerning the extent and scope of deployment of biochar, including its stability with respect to carbon sequestration, together with quantifying effects on soil health and ecosystem services, economic viability and also social acceptability. Field trials will take place at arable and grassland sites in the Midlands and Wales, an open cast coal mine site in Cumbria, denuded railway embankments, and forestry sites in England and Wales.

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The enhanced rock weathering project will explore amending soils with crushed calcium and magnesium rich silicate rocks from waste quarry fines to accelerate natural CO₂ sequestration processes. It will also provide the first integrated whole system assessment of the science, societal and scalability opportunities and challenges of enhanced rock weathering deployment in UK agriculture. Field sites are the Plynlimon Experimental Catchments (mid-Wales), Rothamsted Research’s North Wyke grassland experimental platform in Devon, and their cutting-edge arable research facility in Harpenden, Hertfordshire.

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The peatland (‘GGR-Peat’) project will work with natural processes to restore, and where possible enhance, the environmental conditions that lead to peat formation. Simultaneously it will develop innovative approaches to increase rates of CO₂ uptake and store it securely for millennia. As part of this project, three experimental test locations are being established in representative lowland and upland peat settings: South Yorkshire, near Doncaster; land owned by the National Trust in the South Pennines; and finally, the Pwllpeiran Upland Research Centre in the Cambrian Mountains of Wales.

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The perennial biomass crops (‘PBC4GRR’) project is investigating the potential for plants like willow and miscanthus to support BECCS in the UK. It will demonstrate novel establishment techniques that maximise yield whilst minimising greenhouse gas emissions, and provide an up to date quantification of the scope for Greenhouse Gas Removal. The project will also establish the conditions required for farmer uptake and wider societal acceptance, and investigate the costs, benefits and trade-offs for biodiversity and ecosystem services. New field trials will be developed – for miscanthus at Bishop Burton College, East Yorkshire and willow at Myerscough College, Lancashire.

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The woodland creation and management (‘NetZeroPlus’) project will gather evidence, address knowledge gaps and allow decision makers to explore the Greenhouse Gas Removal consequences of different tree-planting options and explore all the diverse aspects of forestry to identify “the right tree in the right place”. As well as Greenhouse Gas Removal, the project will deliver valuable insights on how tree-planting can deliver other benefits such as enhanced biodiversity, water quality, recreation and health. What’s more, it will pioneer an approach to decision making that takes into account all the effects of land use change.

Find out more

Together, CO₂RE and the Demonstrators form the UKRI Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme. CO2RE is responsible for co-ordinating the GGR-D Programme and undertaking solutions-led research on GGR. A key role of CO₂RE is to provide insights into the cross-cutting challenges that will be faced by the Demonstrators projects and co-developing evidence of scale and wider acceptability of GGR approaches.