Home > GGR projects

Explore the Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme 

UKRI is funding CO2RE and five interdisciplinary GGR Demonstrator projects, each researching a GGR method over the next four years. 

The results will be used to shape government decision-making on the most effective technologies to help the UK tackle climate change and reach net zero. Find out about each GGR project via the interactive map and by watching the video below. You can also watch short documentaries about each project here. 

Please note that locations are not exact.

  • CO2RE
  • Biochar
  • Enhanced Rock Weathering
  • Peatlands
  • Perennial Biomass Crops
  • Woodland Creation & Management
  • All Sites

Find out more about the GGR-D Programme

Pathfinders projects

CO2RE is funding innovative GGR projects as part of its Pathfinders Competitions. Find out more about our funding opportunities.  

Winning projects – Pathfinders Call 1

Pathfinders Call 1 projects explored new methods for capturing greenhouse gases and durably storing or converting them. Find out more.

Underwater Kelp Forest in California

Use of co-pyrolised biochar in Carbon-Negative Hydrogen Production (HyBECCS) from bio-organic wastes

algae cultivation

Evolved aquatic microbial communities to sequester atmospheric CO2 

cows graze on a green field in sunny weather, layout with space for text

Methane removal and remediation using chlorine radicals

Enzyme-enhanced carbon capture and storage solutions in basaltic rock

Winning projects – Pathfinders Call 2

Pathfinders Call 2 projects are exploring methane or ocean GGR methods. Find out more.

Underwater Kelp Forest in California

Encouraging Sphagnum moss growth in peatland pools to reduce methane emissions

algae cultivation

Removing atmospheric methane using solar driven catalytic membrane technologies

Ocean water background with waves

Developing efficient pre-treatment of seawater for process that removes CO2

Modelling mineral particle transport and dissolution in the ocean for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE)

Abstract blurred nature background dandelion seeds parachute. Abstract nature bokeh pattern

What is Greenhouse Gas Removal?

Our FAQ page answers questions around Greenhouse Gas Removal, including why we need it, what the different types of GGR are and how they can be pursued.

Find out more
Young plant in the morning light growing out from soil

Community

CO2RE holds a £1 million Flexible Fund which will be used to fill in gaps and needs identified in the GGR community during the lifetime of the Programme. The fund will support work to address research and engagement gaps through three approaches.

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Publications

Browse the latest publications from members of the CO2RE team, including articles in leading journals, policy briefings and reports on a range of aspects relating to GGR.

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Events

The UK GGR Event
The UK GGR Event

Event date - September 29, 2025

The CO2RE Hub and GGR-D Programme are excited to be hosting the UK GGR Event, taking place at the Royal Institution in central London ... Read more

GGR Insights: Critical factors in financing GGR technologies from 2026 onwards
GGR Insights: Critical factors in financing GGR technologies from 2026 onwards

Event date - May 7, 2025

Over the coming months, the CO2RE Hub will be hosting a series of online webinars, GGR Insights, to present the latest research and ... Read more

CDR Looking Ahead Workshop: Defining Growth in the Ecosystem
CDR Looking Ahead Workshop: Defining Growth in the Ecosystem

Event date - January 8, 2025

CO2RE and Undaunted are very excited to invite you to a workshop to co-design with us how to best support the CDR startup ecosystem in ... Read more

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Together, CO2RE and the Demonstrators form the UKRI Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme. CO2RE is responsible for co-ordinating the GGR-D Programme and undertaking solutions-led research on GGR. A key role of CO2RE is to provide insights into the cross-cutting challenges that will be faced by the Demonstrators projects and co-developing evidence of scale and wider acceptability of GGR approaches.


Find out more


University of Edinburgh
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh are leading CO2RE’s policy, business and governance work stream and investigating governance, legal and ethical factors of GGR.

People
Navraj Singh Ghaleigh
Prof Stuart Haszeldine
Dr Justin Macinante


University of Manchester
CO2RE researchers based at the University of Manchester are investigating public perceptions around which GGR methods to develop, and how they should be incentivised and governed.

People
Dr Rob Bellamy
Dr Laurie Walker


University of Leeds
CO2RE researchers at the University of Leeds are investigating what types of business models are emerging and whether they can scale up GGR effectively.

People
Dr Clare Richardson-Barlow


Imperial College London
Imperial College London leads CO2RE’s engagement and flexible fund functions and research on systems modelling of GGR.

People
Alyssa Gilbert
Prof Niall Mac Dowell
Dr Paul Rouse
Prof Richard Templer
Dr Philippa Westbury
Dr Mark Workman


University of Oxford
Experts across Oxford are delivering multi-disciplinary GGR research across the areas of business models; ecological and social sustainability; economic policies and incentives; governance, legal and ethical factors; public perceptions; and synthesis and decision support. The Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford leads the CO2RE programme and is home to CO2RE’s principal investigator, executive director and research support team.

People
Prof Myles Allen
Dr Elizabeth Baldwin
Prof Sanja Bogojevic
Dr Aoife Brophy
Dr Emily Cox
Prof Sam Fankhauser
Prof Cameron Hepburn
George Hope
Umme Imani
Dr John Lynch
Mikal Mast
Prof Michael Obersteiner
Prof Nathalie Seddon
Dr Steve Smith
Luka Strubelj


University of Bristol
CO2RE researchers at the University of Bristol are undertaking research on accurate and transparent systems of monitoring, reporting and verification for GGR.

People
Dr Jo House
Dr Sue Rodway-Dyer


UCL
CO2RE researchers based at UCL co-ordinate the development of the Evaluation Framework which allows GGR options to be assessed and compared on a common basis, and are gathering evidence for policy options, and synthesis and decision support.

People
Dr Isabela Butnar
Prof Paul Ekins

The biochar project will address the uncertainties concerning the extent and scope of deployment of biochar, including its stability with respect to carbon sequestration, together with quantifying effects on soil health and ecosystem services, economic viability and also social acceptability. Field trials will take place at arable and grassland sites in the Midlands and Wales, an open cast coal mine site in Cumbria, denuded railway embankments, and forestry sites in England and Wales.


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The enhanced rock weathering project will explore amending soils with crushed calcium and magnesium rich silicate rocks from waste quarry fines to accelerate natural CO2 sequestration processes. It will also provide the first integrated whole system assessment of the science, societal and scalability opportunities and challenges of enhanced rock weathering deployment in UK agriculture. Field sites are the Plynlimon Experimental Catchments (mid-Wales), Rothamsted Research’s North Wyke grassland experimental platform in Devon, and their cutting-edge arable research facility in Harpenden, Hertfordshire.


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The peatland (‘GGR-Peat’) project will work with natural processes to restore, and where possible enhance, the environmental conditions that lead to peat formation. Simultaneously it will develop innovative approaches to increase rates of CO2 uptake and store it securely for millennia. As part of this project, three experimental test locations are being established in representative lowland and upland peat settings: South Yorkshire, near Doncaster; land owned by the National Trust in the South Pennines; and finally, the Pwllpeiran Upland Research Centre in the Cambrian Mountains of Wales.


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The perennial biomass crops (‘PBC4GRR’) project is investigating the potential for plants like willow and miscanthus to support BECCS in the UK. It will demonstrate novel establishment techniques that maximise yield whilst minimising greenhouse gas emissions, and provide an up to date quantification of the scope for Greenhouse Gas Removal. The project will also establish the conditions required for farmer uptake and wider societal acceptance, and investigate the costs, benefits and trade-offs for biodiversity and ecosystem services. New field trials will be developed – for miscanthus at Bishop Burton College, East Yorkshire and willow at Myerscough College, Lancashire.


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The woodland creation and management (‘NetZeroPlus’) project will gather evidence, address knowledge gaps and allow decision makers to explore the Greenhouse Gas Removal consequences of different tree-planting options and explore all the diverse aspects of forestry to identify “the right tree in the right place”. As well as Greenhouse Gas Removal, the project will deliver valuable insights on how tree-planting can deliver other benefits such as enhanced biodiversity, water quality, recreation and health. What’s more, it will pioneer an approach to decision making that takes into account all the effects of land use change.


Find out more

Together, CO2RE and the Demonstrators form the UKRI Greenhouse Gas Removal Demonstrators (GGR-D) Programme. CO2RE is responsible for co-ordinating the GGR-D Programme and undertaking solutions-led research on GGR. A key role of CO2RE is to provide insights into the cross-cutting challenges that will be faced by the Demonstrators projects and co-developing evidence of scale and wider acceptability of GGR approaches.

CO₂RE - The Greenhouse Gas Removal Hub
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